LaCoO3/SBA-15 as a high surface area catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for degrading atrazine in water.

An efficient perovskite-based heterogeneous catalyst is highly desired to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for removing organic pollutants in water. A high surface area PMS-activator was fabricated by loading LaCoO3 on SBA-15 to degrade atrazine (ATR) in water. The LaCoO3/SBA-15 depicted better textural properties and higher catalytic activity than LaCoO3. In 6.0 min, atrazine (ATZ) degradation in the selected LaCoO3/SBA-15/PMS system, LaCoO3, adsorption by LaCoO3/SBA-15, sole PMS processes reached approximately 100%, 55.15%, 12.80%, and 16.65 % respectively. Furthermore, 0.04 mg L-1 Co was leached from LaCoO3/SBA-15 during PMS activation by LaCoO3/SBA-15. The LaCoO3/SBA-15 showed stable catalytic activity after reuse. The use of radical scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) demonstrated that ROS such as 1O2, O2•-, •OH, and SO4•- were generated by PMS activated by LaCoO3/SBA-15 owing to redox reactions [Co2+/Co3+, and O2-/O2]. EPR, XPS, ATR-FTIR, EIS, LSV, and chronoamperometric measurements were used to explain the catalytic mechanism for PMS activation. Excellent atrazine degradation was due to high surface area, porous nature, diffusion-friendly structure, and ROS. Our investigation proposes that perovskites with different A and B metals and modified perovskites can be loaded on high surface area materials to activate PMS into ROS.

Few-Layer Meets Crystalline Structure: Collaborative Efforts for Improving Photocatalytic H2O2 Generation over Carbon Nitride.

Although the conversion of O2 and H2O to H2O2 over graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been realized by means of the photocatalytic process, the catalytic activity of pristine g-C3N4 is still restricted by the rapid charge recombination and inadequate exposure of the active site. In this work, we propose a straightforward strategy to solve these limitations by decreasing the thickness and improving the crystallinity of g-C3N4, resulting in the preparation of few-layered crystalline carbon nitride (FL-CCN). Benefiting from the minimal thickness and highly ordered in-plane triangular cavities within the structure, FL-CCN processes an extended π-conjugated system with a reduced charge transfer resistance and expanded specific surface area. These features accelerate the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation in FL-CCN and contribute to explore of its surface active sites. Consequently, FL-CCN exhibits a significantly improved H2O2 evolution rate (63.95 µmol g-1 h-1), which is 7.8 times higher than that of pristine g-C3N4 (8.15 µmol g-1 h-1), during the photocatalytic conversion of O2 and H2O. This systematic investigation offers valuable insights into the mechanism of photocatalytic H2O2 generation and the development of efficient catalysts.

Systematic review on antibacterial photodynamic therapeutic effects of transition metals ruthenium and iridium complexes.

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to public health and ranks among the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is an emerging therapeutic technique that has excellent potential to embark upon antibiotic resistance problems. The efficacy of this therapy hinges on the careful selection of suitable photosensitizers (PSs). Transition metal complexes, such as Ruthenium (Ru) and Iridium (Ir), are highly suitable for use as PSs because of their surface plasmonic resonance, crystal structure, optical characteristics, and photonics. These metals belong to the platinum family and exhibit similar chemical behavior due to their partially filled d-shells. Ruthenium and Iridium-based complexes generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which interact with proteins and DNA to induce cell death. As photodynamic therapeutic agents, these complexes have been widely studied for their efficacy against cancer cells, but their potential for antibacterial activity remains largely unexplored. Our study focuses on exploring the antibacterial photodynamic effect of Ruthenium and Iridium-based complexes against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of various types of research in this area, including the structures, synthesis methods, and antibacterial photodynamic applications of these complexes. Our findings will provide valuable insights into the design, development, and modification of PSs to enhance their photodynamic therapeutic effect on bacteria, along with a clear understanding of their mechanism of action.

Ralstonia solanacearum differentially modulates soil physicochemical properties and rhizospheric bacteriome of resistant and susceptible tobacco cultivars.

Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating soilborne pathogen which poses significant yield and economic losses to tobacco production globally. The impact of R. solanacearum on rhizosphere bacteriome and soil physicochemical characteristics in resistant and susceptible tobacco cultivars is poorly understood. This study aims to determine the effect of R. solanacearum on soil physicochemical parameters and rhizosphere bacteriome of resistant (K326) and susceptible (Hongda) tobacco cultivars at various growth stages. Results demonstrated that the contents of available potassium and phosphorus, as well as soil pH were significantly increased in K326 soils (CK and T2) compared with Hongda (T1) after 21, 42, and 63 days post-inoculation (dpi) of R. solanacearum except for available nitrogen which showed an opposite trend. The qPCR results showed a significant decrease in R. solanacearum population in rhizosphere of K326 (T2) compared to the Hongda (T1) at 21 and 63 dpi than that after 42 dpi. The rhizosphere bacteriome analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that rhizosphere bacterial community composition was significantly different between two tobacco cultivars (Hongda and K326) and this effect was more prominent after 63 dpi (93 days after post-transplantation), suggesting that each cultivar recruits a unique set of bacterial communities. There was no obvious difference observed in the rhizosphere bacteriome of CK (K326) and T2 (K326), which might be attributed to the same genetic makeup and inherent resistance of K326 to bacterial wilt infection. Analysis of co-occurrence networks revealed that the microbial network in T1 (Hongda) was more complex than those in T2 (K326) and CK (K326), while the networks in CK and T2 were almost identical. The present research highlights the time-course relationship between environmental factors and rhizosphere bacteriome of tobacco cultivars showing different levels of resistance against R. solanacearum. Conclusively, studying the plant-soil-microbe interaction system in susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars may enable us to develop effective integrated disease control plans for the healthy production of tobacco crops.

Comprehensive bioinformatics-based annotation and functional characterization of bovine chymosin protein revealed novel biological insights.

Chymosin, an aspartic protease present in the stomachs of young ruminants like cows (bovine), causes milk coagulation and cheese production through the breakdown of κ-casein peptide bonds at the Met105-Phe106 site. Bovine chymosin is first synthesized as a pre-prochymosin that is cleaved to produce the mature chymosin protein. Despite significant strides in research, our understanding of this crucial enzyme remains incomplete. The purpose of this work was to perform in silico evolutionary and functional analysis and to gain unique insights into the structure of this protein. For this, the sequence of Bos taurus chymosin from UniProt database was subjected to various bioinformatics analyses. We found that bovine chymosin is a low molecular weight and hydrophilic protein that has homologs in other Bovidae species. Two active sites of aspartic peptidases, along with a functional domain, were identified. Gene Ontology analysis further confirmed chymosin's involvement in proteolysis and aspartic endopeptidase activity. Potential disordered residues and post-translational modification sites were also uncovered. It was revealed that the secondary structure of bovine chymosin is comprised of beta strands (44.27%), coils (43.65%), and alpha helices (12.07%). A highly optimized 3D structure was also obtained. Moreover, crucial protein-protein interactions were unveiled. Altogether, these findings provide valuable insights that could guide future research on bovine chymosin and its biological roles.

Impacts of kaolinite enrichment on biochar and hydrochar characterization, stability, toxicity, and maize germination and growth.

In this study, biochar (BC) and hydrochar (HC) composites were synthesized with natural kaolinite clay and their properties, stability, carbon (C) sequestration potential, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity, and impacts on maize germination and growth were explored. Conocarpus waste was pretreated with 0%, 10%, and 20% kaolinite and pyrolyzed to produce BCs (BC, BCK10, and BCK20, respectively), while hydrothermalized to produce HCs (HC, HCK10, and HCK20, respectively). The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope analyses, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, proximate analyses, and chemical analysis to investigate the distinction in physiochemical and structural characteristics. The BCs showed higher C contents (85.73-92.50%) as compared to HCs (58.81-61.11%). The BCs demonstrated a higher thermal stability, aromaticity, and C sequestration potential than HCs. Kaolinite enriched-BCs showed the highest cation exchange capacity than pristine BC (34.97% higher in BCK10 and 38.04% higher in BCK20 than pristine BC), while surface area was the highest in kaolinite composited HCs (202.8% higher in HCK10 and 190.2% higher in HCK20 than pristine HC). The recalcitrance index (R50) speculated a higher recalcitrance for BC, BCK10, and BCK20 (R50 > 0.7), minimal degradability for HCK10 and HCK20 (0.5 < R50 < 0.7), and higher degradability for biomass and HC (R50 < 0.5). Overall, increasing the kaolinite enrichment percentage significantly enhanced the thermal stability and C sequestration potential of charred materials, which may be attributed to changes in the structural arrangements. The ∑ total PAHs concentration in the synthesized materials were below the USEPA's suggested limits, indicating their safe use as soil amendments. Germination indices reflected positive impacts of synthesized charred materials on maize germination and growth. Therefore, we propose that kaolinite-composited BCs and HCs could be considered as efficient and cost-effective soil amendments for improving plant growth.

Histotoxicity induced by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on developing mice (Mus musculus).

The wide range of applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in various industries have led to serious consequences in terms of teratogenic toxicity. The aim of current work was to evaluate the teratogenic effects of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in albino mice.In this experimental study, after mating, inseminated 40 female mice were divided randomly into 4 pools (1 control and 3 experimental), ten each. Doses were administered intravenously (We followed the protocol by Yaqub et al. (2018), intravenous application is faster route as compared to oral dosage)to all the experimental groups on the 6th day of gestation (GD), dose concentrations were 200, 133.3 and 100 mg/kg body weights respectively.The doses were prepared in sequence (1/2, 1/3, 1/4 0f LD50) according to already published work. The effects of CuO-NPs show linear relationship with the above sequence. The control group was administered only with distilled water.The gravid females were sacrificed through cervical disruption at the 18th day of gestation, fetuses were removed and divided into four sets (pools) for morphometric, morphological and histological studies. Data were subjected to statistical analysis by using Tukey's test in light of ANOVA at p < 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the present study showed that CuO-NPs various concentrations affect developmental abnormalities i.e.runt embryos, resorbed uteri, exencephaly, hygroma, macroglossia, micromelia, open eye, omphalocoel, scoliosis, kyphosis and kinked tail. It is concluded that exposure to CuO-NPs may potentially lead to the developmental deformities in mice.

Microplastic-Assisted Removal of Phosphorus and Ammonium Using Date Palm Waste Derived Biochar.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging environmental pollutants worldwide, posing potential health risks. Moreover, MPs may act as vectors for other contaminants and affect their fate, transport, and deposition in the environment. Therefore, efficient and economical techniques are needed for the removal of contemporary MPs and contaminants from the environment. The present research study investigated the sorption of phosphorus (P) and ammonium (NH4+) onto date palm waste-derived biochar (BC) from an aqueous solution in the presence of polyamide (PA) and polyethylene (PE) MPs. The BC was prepared at 600 °C, characterized for physio-chemical properties, and applied for P and NH4+ removal via isotherm and kinetic sorption trials. The results of the sorption trials demonstrated the highest removal of NH4+ and P was obtained at neutral pH 7. The highest P sorption (93.23 mg g-1) by BC was recorded in the presence of PA, while the highest NH4+ sorption (103.76 mg g-1) was found with co-occurring PE in an aqueous solution. Sorption isotherm and kinetics models revealed that P and NH4+ removal by MP-amended BC followed chemisorption, electrostatic interaction, precipitation, diffusion, and ion exchange mechanisms. Overall, co-existing PA enhanced the removal of P and NH4+ by 66% and 7.7%, respectively, while co-existing PE increased the removal of P and NH4+ by 55% and 30%, respectively, through the tested BC. Our findings suggested that converting date palm waste into BC could be used as a competent and economical approach to removing P and NH4+ from contaminated water. Furthermore, microplastics such as PE and PA could assist in the removal of P and NH4+ from contaminated water using BC.

Empirical linkages of the construction sector, intensive energy consumption, and economic openness with chemical oxygen demand pollution.

Though construction sector development and economic openness contribute to regional economic development, they have also been debated to pose some environmental challenges. Along these lines, we explored the long- and short-term connections of intensive energy consumption, economic openness, and construction sector development with the chemical oxygen demand throughout the scales of regional development of China's 30 provincial units over the 2004-2021 period. Theoretically, we contribute to the existing knowledge by incorporating chemical oxygen demand pollution, construction sector development, and economic openness to the Kaya identity's baseline framework. Empirically, we apply a series of advanced methods of panel data econometrics for robust results. Our key findings are as follows: First, we revealed a long-term stable cointegrating association among our variables of interest. Second, using the common correlated effect mean group estimator, we unfolded that the intensive energy consumption showed a chemical oxygen demand pollution reduction influence in both the long and short term, demonstrating the most substantial influence in the high regional development panel while expressing the least powerful influence the least regional development setting. Third, we unveiled that economic openness and construction sector development showed a linear chemical oxygen demand pollution enhancement influence in moderately and least developed regions. Nevertheless, both established an inverted U-shaped linkage with chemical oxygen demand pollution for the whole country as well as for high regional development data samples. Eventually, we found consistent estimates across long- and short-term investigations regarding signs of relationships; however, long-term effects remained more powerful than short-term ones. These findings would serve as factual scientific knowledge to help local as well as national governments create the optimal environmental regulations for the construction sector to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially the Climate Action Plan (i.e., SDG-13).

Institutional quality, oil price, and environmental degradation in MENA countries moderated by economic complexity and shadow economy.

This paper aims to analyze the link between environmental degradation and institutional quality and the price of oil moderated by economic complexity and the underground economy. We use quantile regressions with annual panel data for 15 countries in the Middle East and North Africa during 1995-2021. The findings indicate that institutional quality, economic complexity, and output positively and heterogeneously impact environmental degradation. However, the square of production has a negative impact, confirming an inverted U relationship between production and environmental degradation. Likewise, we find that the price of oil and the underground economy have a negative and heterogeneous impact on environmental degradation. Based on our results, a potential recommendation for policymakers is that the institutional framework of Middle Eastern and North African countries should be accompanied by a more significant concern for the environment instead of prioritizing extractive growth that is detrimental to the environment's environmental sustainability. Likewise, economic diversification will mitigate environmental degradation and improve formal employment. Our findings are relevant to policymakers and researchers interested in promoting ecological sustainability.

Lethal and sublethal effects of flubendiamide and spirotetramat against the leaf worm, Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) under laboratory conditions.

The leaf worm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a notorious insect pest of many economically important cultivated crops like cotton, maize, tobocco and vegetables causing severe economic losses from 50-100%. In most crops, damage arises due to voracious feeding by the larvae and leads to the skeletonizing of leaves. Toxicological studies were performed to estimate lethal and sublethal levels of flubendiamide and spirotetramat against S. litura. Effects of these estimated values were assessed on different biological traits of S. litura including life duration, survival and next generation potential. Both flubendiamide and spirotetramat showed toxic responses against second instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. Larval duration and survival rate of S. litura to were significantly different. Exposure to test insecticides resulted in negative effect on the demography of S. litura as longer life cycle and decreased fecundity. Changes in net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase also helped to decide the fate of these insecticides. Low reproductive potential and low hatching percentage due to exposure to test insecticides can help to manage next generation of target pest. These two new chemistry insecticides can be recommended for their effective and long-term utilization against this important leaf feeder which may help its management and decrease economic losses faced by the growers. Their impact on larval duration and low survival rate at lethal levels guides about their potential in pest control.

Human fitting of pediatric and infant continuous-flow total artificial heart: visual and virtual assessment.

Background: This study aimed to determine the fit of two small-sized (pediatric and infant) continuous-flow total artificial heart pumps (CFTAHs) in congenital heart surgery patients. Methods: This study was approved by Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board. Pediatric cardiac surgery patients (n = 40) were evaluated for anatomical and virtual device fitting (3D-printed models of pediatric [P-CFTAH] and infant [I-CFTAH] models). The virtual sub-study consisted of analysis of preoperative thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (n = 3; 4.2, 5.3, and 10.2 kg) imaging data. Results: P-CFTAH pump fit in 21 out of 40 patients (fit group, 52.5%) but did not fit in 19 patients (non-fit group, 47.5%). I-CFTAH pump fit all of the 33 patients evaluated. There were critical differences due to dimensional variation (p < 0.0001) for the P-CFTAH, such as body weight (BW), height (Ht), and body surface area (BSA). The cutoff values were: BW: 5.71 kg, Ht: 59.0 cm, BSA: 0.31 m2. These cutoff values were additionally confirmed to be optimal by CT imaging. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the range of proper fit for the P-CFTAH and I-CFTAH in congenital heart disease patients. These data suggest the feasibility of both devices for fit in the small-patient population.

Scavenging microplastics and heavy metals from water using jujube waste-derived biochar in fixed-bed column trials.

Extensive production and utilization of plastic products have resulted in the generation of microplastics (MPs), subsequently polluting the environment. The efficiency of biochars (BCs) derived from jujube (Ziziphus jujube L.) biomass (300 °C and 700 °C) for nylon (NYL) and polyethylene (PE) removal from contaminated water was explored in fixed-bed column trials. The optimum pH for the removal of both MPs was found 7. Both of the produced biochars demonstrated >99% removal of the MPs, while the sand filter exhibited a maximum of 78% removal of MPs. BC produced at 700 °C (BC700) showed 33-fold higher MPs retention, while BC produced at 300 °C (BC300) exhibited 20-fold higher retention, as compared to sand filters, indicating the higher efficiency of BC produced at higher pyrolysis temperature. Entrapment into the pores, entanglement with flaky structures of the BCs, and electrostatics interactions were the major mechanism for MPs retention in BCs. The efficiency of MPs-amended BCs was further explored for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in fixed-bed column trials. BC700 amended with PE and NYL exhibited the highest 50% breakthrough time (2114.23 and 2024.61 min, respectively, for Pb(II) removal and 2107.92 and 1965.19 min, respectively, for Cd(II) removal), as compared to sand filters (38.07 and 60.49 min for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal, respectively). Thomas model predicted highest adsorption capacity was exhibited by BC700 amended with PE (584.34 and 552.80 mg g-1, for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal, respectively), followed by BC700 amended with NYL (557.65 and 210.59 mg g-1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal, respectively). Therefore, jujube waste-derived BCs could be used as efficient adsorbents to remove PE and NYL from contaminated water, while MPs-loaded BCs can further be utilized for higher adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from contaminated aqueous media. These findings suggest that BC could be used as an efficient adsorbent to remove the co-existing MPs-metals ions from the environment on a sustainable basis.

The nexus between government spending, economic growth, and tourism under climate change: testing the CEM model for the USA.

This study examines the impact of government spending, income, and tourism consumption on CO2 emissions in the 50 US states through a novel theoretical model derived from the Armey Curve model and the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The findings of this research are essential for policymakers to develop effective strategies for mitigating environmental pollution. Utilizing panel cointegration analysis, the study provides valuable insights into whether continued increases in government spending contribute to higher pollution levels. By identifying the threshold point of spending as a percentage of GDP, policymakers can make informed decisions to avoid the trade-off between increased spending and environmental degradation. For instance, the analysis reveals that Hawaii's tipping point is 16.40%. The empirical results underscore the importance of adopting sustainable policies that foster economic growth while minimizing environmental harm. These findings will aid policymakers in formulating targeted and efficient approaches to tackle climate change and promote long-term environmental sustainability in the United States. Moreover, the impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions varies across states, with some US states experiencing a decrease while others see an increase.

Do economic development and tourism heterogeneously influence ecological sustainability? Implications for sustainable development.

While economic development-driven anthropogenic emissions pose challenges to ecological sustainability, the international travel and tourism sector has appeared as a hot contestant to bring sustainability to the ecological systems across varying development levels. This work investigates the diversified effects of the international travel and tourism sector and economic development on ecological deterioration, in the presence of urban agglomeration and energy use efficiency, across the development levels of China's 30 provincial units from 2002 to 2019. It contributes in two ways. (i) The stochastic estimation of environmental impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) is modified to integrate the variables like international travel and tourism sector, urban agglomeration, and energy use efficiency. (ii) We measured an international travel and tourism sector index (ITTI) and made use of a continuously updated bias correction strategy (CUBCS) and a continuously updated fully modified strategy (CUFMS) for the long-term estimations. Besides, we used the bootstrapping-based causality technique for determining causality directions. The core results are as follows: Firstly, ITTI and economic development produced an inverse U-type association with ecological deterioration for the aggregate panels. Secondly, provinces exhibited a diverse range of links in that ITTI mitigated (boosted) the ecological deterioration in eleven (fourteen) provinces presenting diversified shapes of linkages. Economic development established the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory with ecological deterioration in merely four provinces; however, the non-EKC theory is verified in twenty-four divisions. Thirdly, in China's east zone (high development scale), the ITTI revealed the ecological deterioration reduction (promotion) impact in eight (two) provinces. China's central zone (moderate development scale) exhibited ecological deterioration promotion in half of the provinces, and the other half showed a reduction impact. In China's west zone (low development scale), it promoted ecological deterioration in eight provinces. Economic development promoted (reduced) ecological deterioration in a single (nine) province(s). In China's central zone, it boosted (mitigated) the ecological deterioration in five (three) provinces. In China's west zone, it promoted (reduced) ecological deterioration in eight (two) provinces. Fourthly, urban agglomeration and energy use efficiency deteriorated and improved the environmental quality in aggregated panels, respectively; however, a diverse range of effects are observed for provinces. Finally, a unilateral bootstrap causality, from ITTI (economic development) to ecological deterioration, is revealed in twenty-four (fifteen) provinces. A bilateral causality is established in a single (thirteen) province(s). Based on empirical findings, policies are suggested.

Renewable energy, economic freedom and economic policy uncertainty: New evidence from a dynamic panel threshold analysis for the G-7 and BRIC countries.

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of renewable energy consumption (REC) on environmental degradation using the EKC hypothesis testing for the BRIC and G-7 countries. Two EKC models were created and tested, with Model 2 including REC and other independent variables such as economic freedom (EF) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU), which affect the level of renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Empirical findings indicate that the EKC hypothesis is verified faster in the REC-EF-EPU-based EKC model (Model 2) than in the EF-EPU-based EKC model (Model 1) for G-7 countries since the turning point takes place earlier in Model 2 than in Model 1 with REC. This suggests that renewable energy consumption accelerates the reduction of CO2 emissions. Moreover, this earlier turning point results in lower environmental cleaning costs, less time vesting, and saving resources and money for G-7 countries. However, the study found no evidence supporting the EKC hypothesis for the BRIC countries.

Is environmental sustainability transmissible? Transportation-based environmental taxation spillovers for sustainable development.

Environmental sustainability investigation has been a hotly debated topic of the modern literature; however, past studies have primarily overlooked its transmissibility or spillover outreach across economies. Herein, we investigate the novel aspect of whether transportation-based environmental taxation spatially induces spillover impacts across Italy, Germany, and France over the 1994-2020 period by employing a simultaneous spatial equation with multi-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (DSGEM) framework. Transportation-based environmental taxation of the domestic economy negatively impacts its own investment and consumption, while it impacts the economy of neighboring economies positively. Change in output and investment in the domestic economy can be well explained by the environmental volatility of the domestic economy, whereas the environmental volatility of neighboring economies does not contribute much to explain the change in investment and output of the domestic economy. Volatility in pollution discharge occurs more by environmental volatility in the neighboring economy than in the domestic economy, and validating that environmental sustainability is transmissible across regions and economies. It urgently calls for environmental protection policies integrated and coordinated across the countries and regions to spread and capitalize on environmentally and economically favorable and sustainable effects globally. Achieving the spatially transmitted positive environmental and economic outcomes would help strengthen the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), with a particular focus on Climate Action (SDG13), Sustainable Production and Consumption (SDG12), and Affordable and Sustainable Energy for All (SDG7).